A recent article in the British Medical Journal identified exposure to noise from road traffic and railway noise to be independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes, especially Alzheimer’s disease. This adds to a long list of factors associated with traffic, including particulate matter concentrations, heavy metals exposure, constraints posed by traffic on mobility, and other social determinants of health, which are implicated in Older Adults' overall health, hearing health, cognitive health, and well-being. This workshop will bring together experts to discuss this topic, the approaches that have been useful for studying the health effects of traffic, the challenges faced by investigators, and the research gaps.