The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support investigator-initiated Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Award (R21) applications that propose to study high priority bioethical challenges and issues associated with the types of biomedical, social, and behavioral research supported by the participating NIH Institutes/Centers. The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) joins this FOA as part of its efforts to promote research on the behavioral and social aspects of health and illness. However, only participating ICs will provide direct grant support under this FOA.