Purpose. The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical informatics and computational biology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research. As defined here, biomedical informatics and computational biology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational and mathematical research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical computational models and simulations. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism. This initiative is run in parallel with announcements with similar scientific scope for R21 high risk/high impact research PAR-09-219, as well as small business innovation research (SBIR) PAR-09-220 and small business technology transfer research (STTR) PAR-09-221. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.