Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages research grant applications from applicant organizations directed toward the discovery and preclinical testing of novel compounds for the prevention and treatment of nervous system disorders. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-002 that encourages applications under the Exploratory/Development (R21) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.