Purpose. Participating Institutes and Centers of the NIH invite applications for R01 awards to support Bioengineering Research Grants (BRGs) for basic and applied multi-disciplinary research that addresses important biological, bioengineering or medical research problems. The BRGs support multi-disciplinary research performed in a single laboratory or by a small number of investigators that applies an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat disease or to understand health and behavior. A BRG application may propose hypothesis-driven, discovery-driven, developmental, or design-directed research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of similar scientific scope, Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research Grants, PA-10-010, that encourages applications under the R21 mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.